La T(t)erre pour la conduite d’un design éthique
Titre anglais : | Earth concept to conduct an ethical design |
Ecole Doctorale : | Lettres, Arts, Sciences humaines et sociales |
Spécialité : | SACRe, design |
Etablissement : | Université Paris Sciences et Lettres préparé à Ecole normale supérieure |
Unité de recherche : | EA 7410 – Sciences, Arts, Création, Recherche |
Cette soutenance aura lieu Lundi 09 Décembre 2019 à 9h00
Adresse de la soutenance : 45 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris – Salle Sartre
devant le jury composé de :
Marc CREPON | DR | École normale supérieure | Directeur de thèse | |||
Olivier PEYRICOT | Designer | Cité du design de Saint-Étienne | CoDirecteur de thèse | |||
Pierre-Damien HUYGHE | Professeur émérite | Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne | Rapporteur | |||
Nadeije LANEYRIE-DAGEN | Professeur | École normale supérieure | Examinateur | |||
Adeline RISPAL | Architecte DPLG | Studio Adeline Rispal | Examinateur | |||
Patrick VAUDAY | Professeur émérite | Université Paris 8 | Rapporteur |
Résumé de la thèse en français : |
Ce travail interroge d’une façon inédite le rapport du design à la T(t)erre, entendue en tant que domaine de la phusis (la nature chez les Grecs), mais aussi en tant que lieu d’habitation et sol nourricier du vivant ou encore matériau de construction pour le monde. Cette association, pensée autour de l’Anthropocène, ouvre des perspectives riches et inattendues dans la mesure où elle permet une relecture de l’histoire du design industriel ainsi qu’une repensée de sa pratique, dans une perspective éthique. |
Résumé de la thèse en anglais: |
This work questions in an unprecedented way the relation of design to Earth, understood as a domain of phusis (nature according to the Greeks), but also as a place of habitation and nourishing ground of the living or else building material for the world. This association, conceived around the concept of Anthropocene, opens rich and unexpected perspectives insofar as it allows a reinterpretation of the history of industrial design as well as a rethinking of its practice, from an ethical perspective. The first scansion thus proceeds to an analysis of what Earth is. On the one hand are exposed its meanings, especially as a support for the world but also, through the clay-humic complex present in the soil, as a source of life. On the other hand are analyzed the reductions to which the Earth is subject to, including its ontological ban, reductions that are more generally that of phusis and life. It is indeed shown in particular following Heidegger and Severino, that the production of modern technique – whose future is metaphysical – to which industrial design is connected since its origins, is a destruction, a nihilist phenomenon, affecting the being in its totality. Based on this first acquisition, the second scansion questions the history of industrial design, which far from escaping this development, seems on the contrary to have largely followed – in this sense the industrial design is a « servant » to use the word of Olivier Peyricot – despite resistances like those of William Morris or Ettore Sottsass. It is thus shown how the industrial design from its origins to today, has mainly been part of a phenomenon of rationalization increased by the two World Wars, events which have played a major role in the constitution of industrial design, insofar as the latter was officially born before the Great War and really blossomed after the second, especially in the United States. Following Ernst Jünger and his concept of « total mobilization » and Beatriz Colomina in particular, it is thus shown that the violent and brutal rate imposed by the Great War, far from disappearing with it, on the contrary settles in mentalities from the early 1920s, the example of futurists or Le Corbusier being in this sense paradigmatic. Standardization and Taylorization, Jünger’s « new methods of organization, » thus correspond to the new spirit of the time, so dear to architects, designers and artists. Thus, in the last scansion arises the need to think about the conditions of a fundamental design because it is ethical in its productions and this for at least three reasons. Firstly, because of the « Anthropocene event » as analyzed by Christophe Bonneuil and Jean-Baptiste Fressoz, a concept that characterizes the consequences of human action in the times of large-scale industry – whose birth coincides with that of design – and especially the reduction of the Earth, being as Severino points it out in his book Law and Chance, the « domain of what can be produced and destroyed”. Secondly, because of the very history of industrial design, which shows that the latter regularly claimed a particular morality, being part of the progressive movement as thought and accomplished by the West. Thirdly, to the extent that, on the one hand, industrial design participates in the ordinary experience of life by designing all sorts of objects, thus having the capacity to stick to life to resume by displacing it somewhat the word of Heidegger and secondly by accepting, following Marc Crépon, to consider the vulnerability of life as « structural data of existence ». As a result, especially with the unbaked earth experiments carried out as part of this thesis, the proposal for an ethical design because fundamental in its constitution. |
Mots clés en français : | Terre,Design,Ethique,Technique,Monde,Anthropocène |
Mots clés en anglais : | Earth,Design,Ethics,Technique,World,Anthropocene |